How to Fix Common Household Plumbing Issues

Steps

1. 
   1

   Identify the Problem

   Diagnose the issue — is it a leak, a clog, low pressure, or a running toilet? Understanding the problem is the first step to fixing it.

2. 
   2

   Shut Off the Water

   Always turn off the water supply before starting any plumbing repair. Locate the main shut-off valve or the individual valve for the affected fixture.

3. 
   3

   Fix a Leaky Faucet

   Leaky faucets usually need new washers or cartridges. Disassemble the faucet, note the order of parts, and replace the worn washer or cartridge with a matching replacement.

4. 
   4

   Replace a Drippy Faucet Cartridge

   Remove the handle, unscrew the collar, and pull out the cartridge. Take it to the hardware store to get an exact match. Insert the new cartridge and reassemble.

5. 
   5

   Fix a Clogged Drain

   Start with a plunger — place it over the drain and pump vigorously for 30 seconds. If that does not work, use a drain snake to break up the clog.

6. 
   6

   Use a Drain Snake

   Feed the drain snake cable into the drain until you meet resistance. Rotate the snake to break up the clog, then pull it back. Flush the drain with hot water.

7. 
   7

   Clear a Bathroom Sink Clog

   Remove and clean the pop-up stopper and the pivot rod. Hair and soap scum often accumulate here. Use a drain snake if the clog is deeper.

8. 
   8

   Fix a Running Toilet

   Check the flapper valve — if water flows into the bowl continuously, the flapper is not sealing properly. Replace the flapper with a matching one.

9. 
   9

   Adjust the Float

   If the toilet runs intermittently, adjust the float height. The water level should be about 1 inch below the overflow tube. Lower the float if the tank fills too high.

10. 
    10

    Replace the Fill Valve

    If adjusting the float does not fix a running toilet, replace the entire fill valve assembly. Turn off water, drain the tank, unscrew the old valve, and install a new one.

11. 
    11

    Fix Low Water Pressure

    Check the aerator on faucets — mineral buildup reduces flow. Unscrew the aerator, soak in vinegar, and scrub with a small brush before rinsing and replacing.

12. 
    12

    Clear a Shower Head Clog

    Soak the shower head in a bag of vinegar overnight, or submerge it in a bowl of vinegar for several hours. Scrub with a brush and rinse thoroughly.

13. 
    13

    Replace a Garbage Disposal

    If the disposal is not running, check the reset button on the bottom of the unit. If that fails, the motor may need replacement — consider hiring a professional.

14. 
    14

    Fix a Leaky Pipe

    For minor leaks, wrap plumber's tape around the joint and tighten. For larger leaks, use a pipe clamp or compression fitting. Replace the damaged section of pipe if necessary.

15. 
    15

    Seal Pipe Connections

    Apply pipe joint compound or plumber's tape to threaded connections before tightening. This creates a watertight seal and prevents leaks.

16. 
    16

    Test the Pressure Relief Valve

    Lift the pressure relief valve lever to release water and check for proper operation. If water does not flow, the valve may need replacement.

17. 
    17

    Insulate Exposed Pipes

    Wrap exposed water pipes with foam insulation to prevent freezing in winter. Frozen pipes can burst and cause expensive damage.

18. 
    18

    Check for Water Hammer

    If pipes bang when you shut off a faucet, install water hammer arrestors. These absorb the pressure shock and prevent the banging noise.

19. 
    19

    Clean the Water Heater

    Drain the water heater annually to remove sediment buildup. Sediment reduces efficiency and can damage the tank. Follow the manufacturer's instructions for draining.

20. 
    20

    Replace the Water Filter

    Change your water filter regularly according to the manufacturer's schedule. A clogged filter reduces flow and can harbor bacteria.

21. 
    21

    Check for Hidden Leaks

    Monitor your water bill for unexplained increases. Check under sinks and around the water heater for moisture. Hidden leaks cause damage and waste water.

22. 
    22

    Know When to Call a Professional

    For major leaks, sewer backups, hot water heater replacement, or any repair involving gas lines, call a licensed plumber. Some repairs require professional expertise and permits.

23. 
    23

    Prevent Future Problems

    Avoid putting grease down the drain, use drain strainers to catch debris, and have your plumbing inspected annually. Prevention is cheaper than repair.